The burden of chronic mercury intoxication in artisanal small-scale gold mining in Zimbabwe: data availability and preliminary estimates

Steckling N, Bose-O'Reilly S, Pinheiro P, Plass D, Shoko D, Drasch G, Bernaudat L, Siebert U, Hornberg C (2014)
Environmental Health 13(1): 111.

Zeitschriftenaufsatz | Veröffentlicht | Englisch
 
Download
OA
Autor*in
Steckling, NadineUniBi; Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan; Pinheiro, PauloUniBi; Plass, Dietrich; Shoko, Dennis; Drasch, Gustav; Bernaudat, Ludovic; Siebert, Uwe; Hornberg, ClaudiaUniBi
Abstract / Bemerkung
Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is a poverty-driven activity practiced in over 70 countries worldwide. Zimbabwe is amongst the top ten countries using large quantities of mercury to extract gold from ore. This analysis was performed to check data availability and derive a preliminary estimate of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to mercury use in ASGM in Zimbabwe. Methods Cases of chronic mercury intoxication were identified following an algorithm using mercury-related health effects and mercury in human specimens. The sample prevalence amongst miners and controls (surveyed by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization in 2004 and the University of Munich in 2006) was determined and extrapolated to the entire population of Zimbabwe. Further epidemiological and demographic data were taken from the literature and missing data modeled with DisMod II to quantify DALYs using the methods from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2004 update published by the World Health Organization (WHO). While there was no disability weight (DW) available indicating the relative disease severity of chronic mercury intoxication, the DW of a comparable disease was assigned by following the criteria 1) chronic condition, 2) triggered by a substance, and 3) causing similar health symptoms. Results Miners showed a sample prevalence of 72% while controls showed no cases of chronic mercury intoxication. Data availability is very limited why it was necessary to model data and make assumptions about the number of exposed population, the definition of chronic mercury intoxication, DW, and epidemiology. If these assumptions hold, the extrapolation would result in around 95,400 DALYs in Zimbabwe’s total population in 2004. Conclusions This analysis provides a preliminary quantification of the mercury-related health burden from ASGM based on the limited data available. If the determined assumptions hold, chronic mercury intoxication is likely to have been one of the top 20 hazards for population health in Zimbabwe in 2004 when comparing with more than 130 categories of diseases and injuries quantified in the WHO’s GBD 2004 update. Improving data quality would allow more accurate estimates. However, the results highlight the need to reduce a burden which could be entirely avoided.
Stichworte
Occupational health; Mercury; Zimbabwe; Environmental burden of disease; Disability-adjusted life years; Artisanal small-scale gold mining
Erscheinungsjahr
2014
Zeitschriftentitel
Environmental Health
Band
13
Ausgabe
1
Art.-Nr.
111
ISSN
1476-069X
Finanzierungs-Informationen
Open-Access-Publikationskosten wurden durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft und die Universität Bielefeld gefördert.
Page URI
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2716016

Zitieren

Steckling N, Bose-O'Reilly S, Pinheiro P, et al. The burden of chronic mercury intoxication in artisanal small-scale gold mining in Zimbabwe: data availability and preliminary estimates. Environmental Health. 2014;13(1): 111.
Steckling, N., Bose-O'Reilly, S., Pinheiro, P., Plass, D., Shoko, D., Drasch, G., Bernaudat, L., et al. (2014). The burden of chronic mercury intoxication in artisanal small-scale gold mining in Zimbabwe: data availability and preliminary estimates. Environmental Health, 13(1), 111. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-13-111
Steckling, Nadine, Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan, Pinheiro, Paulo, Plass, Dietrich, Shoko, Dennis, Drasch, Gustav, Bernaudat, Ludovic, Siebert, Uwe, and Hornberg, Claudia. 2014. “The burden of chronic mercury intoxication in artisanal small-scale gold mining in Zimbabwe: data availability and preliminary estimates”. Environmental Health 13 (1): 111.
Steckling, N., Bose-O'Reilly, S., Pinheiro, P., Plass, D., Shoko, D., Drasch, G., Bernaudat, L., Siebert, U., and Hornberg, C. (2014). The burden of chronic mercury intoxication in artisanal small-scale gold mining in Zimbabwe: data availability and preliminary estimates. Environmental Health 13:111.
Steckling, N., et al., 2014. The burden of chronic mercury intoxication in artisanal small-scale gold mining in Zimbabwe: data availability and preliminary estimates. Environmental Health, 13(1): 111.
N. Steckling, et al., “The burden of chronic mercury intoxication in artisanal small-scale gold mining in Zimbabwe: data availability and preliminary estimates”, Environmental Health, vol. 13, 2014, : 111.
Steckling, N., Bose-O'Reilly, S., Pinheiro, P., Plass, D., Shoko, D., Drasch, G., Bernaudat, L., Siebert, U., Hornberg, C.: The burden of chronic mercury intoxication in artisanal small-scale gold mining in Zimbabwe: data availability and preliminary estimates. Environmental Health. 13, : 111 (2014).
Steckling, Nadine, Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan, Pinheiro, Paulo, Plass, Dietrich, Shoko, Dennis, Drasch, Gustav, Bernaudat, Ludovic, Siebert, Uwe, and Hornberg, Claudia. “The burden of chronic mercury intoxication in artisanal small-scale gold mining in Zimbabwe: data availability and preliminary estimates”. Environmental Health 13.1 (2014): 111.
Alle Dateien verfügbar unter der/den folgenden Lizenz(en):
Copyright Statement:
Dieses Objekt ist durch das Urheberrecht und/oder verwandte Schutzrechte geschützt. [...]
Volltext(e)
Access Level
OA Open Access
Zuletzt Hochgeladen
2019-09-06T09:18:29Z
MD5 Prüfsumme
a12de83a28ca3a686f8b42776078d0dc


7 Zitationen in Europe PMC

Daten bereitgestellt von Europe PubMed Central.

Mercury Contamination from Dental Amalgam.
Tibau AV, Grube BD., J Health Pollut 9(22), 2019
PMID: 31259088
Current progress on understanding the impact of mercury on human health.
Ha E, Basu N, Bose-O'Reilly S, Dórea JG, McSorley E, Sakamoto M, Chan HM., Environ Res 152(), 2017
PMID: 27444821
Disability Weights for Chronic Mercury Intoxication Resulting from Gold Mining Activities: Results from an Online Pairwise Comparisons Survey.
Steckling N, Devleesschauwer B, Winkelnkemper J, Fischer F, Ericson B, Krämer A, Hornberg C, Fuller R, Plass D, Bose-O'Reilly S., Int J Environ Res Public Health 14(1), 2017
PMID: 28075395
Global Burden of Disease of Mercury Used in Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining.
Steckling N, Tobollik M, Plass D, Hornberg C, Ericson B, Fuller R, Bose-O'Reilly S., Ann Glob Health 83(2), 2017
PMID: 28619398
A preliminary study on health effects in villagers exposed to mercury in a small-scale artisanal gold mining area in Indonesia.
Bose-O'Reilly S, Schierl R, Nowak D, Siebert U, William JF, Owi FT, Ir YI., Environ Res 149(), 2016
PMID: 27174690
Disease profile and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the EuroQol (EQ-5D + C) questionnaire for chronic metallic mercury vapor intoxication.
Steckling N, Plass D, Bose-O'Reilly S, Kobal AB, Krämer A, Hornberg C., Health Qual Life Outcomes 13(), 2015
PMID: 26654565

124 References

Daten bereitgestellt von Europe PubMed Central.


AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 1999

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2013

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2013

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2006

Bose-O’Reilly S, Dahlmann F, Lettmeier B, Drasch G., 2004

de LD, Salomons W., 1998
Mercury exposure in a low-income community in South Africa.
Oosthuizen MA, John J, Somerset V., S. Afr. Med. J. 100(6), 2010
PMID: 20529437

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2002

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 1999
World Emissions of Mercury from Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining
Telmer K, Veiga MM., 2009
Mercury contamination from artisanal gold mining in Antioquia, Colombia: The world's highest per capita mercury pollution.
Cordy P, Veiga MM, Salih I, Al-Saadi S, Console S, Garcia O, Mesa LA, Velasquez-Lopez PC, Roeser M., Sci. Total Environ. 410-411(), 2011
PMID: 22000915
Mercury as a serious health hazard for children in gold mining areas.
Bose-O'Reilly S, Lettmeier B, Gothe RM, Beinhoff C, Siebert U, Drasch G., Environ. Res. 107(1), 2008
PMID: 18321481

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2008

Veiga MM, Baker RF., 2004
Reducing mercury and responding to the global gold rush.
Spiegel SJ, Yassi A, Spiegel JM, Veiga MM., Lancet 366(9503), 2005
PMID: 16360774
Low dose mercury toxicity and human health.
Zahir F, Rizwi SJ, Haq SK, Khan RH., Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 20(2), 2005
PMID: 21783611
Mercury
Grandjean P., 2008
Mercury
Drasch G, Horvat M, Stoeppler M., 2004
Mercury exposure in female artisanal small-scale gold miners (ASGM) in Mongolia: An analysis of human biomonitoring (HBM) data from 2008.
Steckling N, Boese-O'Reilly S, Gradel C, Gutschmidt K, Shinee E, Altangerel E, Badrakh B, Bonduush I, Surenjav U, Ferstl P, Roider G, Sakamoto M, Sepai O, Drasch G, Lettmeier B, Morton J, Jones K, Siebert U, Hornberg C., Sci. Total Environ. 409(5), 2010
PMID: 21183207
Human mercury exposure associated with small-scale gold mining in Burkina Faso.
Tomicic C, Vernez D, Belem T, Berode M., Int Arch Occup Environ Health 84(5), 2011
PMID: 21279378
Mercury Pollution from Artisanal Gold Mining in Block B, El Callao, Bolívar State, Venezuela
Veiga MM, Bermúdez D, Pacheco-Ferreira H, Martins LR, Gunson AJ, Berrios G, Vos L, Huidobro P, Roeser M., 2005
Health assessment of artisanal gold miners in Tanzania.
Bose-O'Reilly S, Drasch G, Beinhoff C, Tesha A, Drasch K, Roider G, Taylor H, Appleton D, Siebert U., Sci. Total Environ. 408(4), 2009
PMID: 19945738
Knowns and unknowns on burden of disease due to chemicals: a systematic review.
Pruss-Ustun A, Vickers C, Haefliger P, Bertollini R., Environ Health 10(), 2011
PMID: 21255392
Global health impacts and costs due to mercury emissions.
Spadaro JV, Rabl A., Risk Anal. 28(3), 2008
PMID: 18643818
Applying cost analyses to drive policy that protects children: mercury as a case study.
Trasande L, Schechter C, Haynes KA, Landrigan PJ., Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1076(), 2006
PMID: 17119266

Poulin J, Gibb H., 2008

Pruss-Ustun A, Mathers C, Corvalan C, Woodward A., 2003

Murray CJ, Lopez AD., 1996

Harris J, McCartor A., 2011

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2008
The Mt. Diwata study on the Philippines 1999--assessing mercury intoxication of the population by small scale gold mining.
Drasch G, Bose-O'Reilly S, Beinhoff C, Roider G, Maydl S., Sci. Total Environ. 267(1-3), 2001
PMID: 11286210

Mathers CD, Vos T, Lopez AD, Salomon J, Ezzati M., 2001
Stoffmonographie Quecksilber – Referenz- und Human-Biomonitoring-(HBM)-Werte
AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 1999
Reprint of "Update of the reference and HBM values derived by the German Human Biomonitoring Commission".
Schulz C, Wilhelm M, Heudorf U, Kolossa-Gehring M., Int J Hyg Environ Health 215(2), 2012
PMID: 22365638

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2009

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 1997
Effects of prenatal and postnatal methylmercury exposure from fish consumption on neurodevelopment: outcomes at 66 months of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study.
Davidson PW, Myers GJ, Cox C, Axtell C, Shamlaye C, Sloane-Reeves J, Cernichiari E, Needham L, Choi A, Wang Y, Berlin M, Clarkson TW., JAMA 280(8), 1998
PMID: 9728641

Lockowandt O., 1996

Zimmer R, Volkamer M., 1984

Masur H., 2000
The German Human Biomonitoring Commission.
Schulz C, Angerer J, Ewers U, Kolossa-Gehring M., Int J Hyg Environ Health 210(3-4), 2007
PMID: 17337242
Biological tolerance values: change in a paradigm concept from assessment of a single value to use of an average.
Drexler H, Goen T, Schaller KH., Int Arch Occup Environ Health 82(1), 2008
PMID: 18560876
Human biomonitoring assessment values: approaches and data requirements.
Angerer J, Aylward LL, Hays SM, Heinzow B, Wilhelm M., Int J Hyg Environ Health 214(5), 2011
PMID: 21764371
Cancer occurrence among European mercury miners.
Boffetta P, Garcia-Gomez M, Pompe-Kirn V, Zaridze D, Bellander T, Bulbulyan M, Caballero JD, Ceccarelli F, Colin D, Dizdarevic T, Espanol S, Kobal A, Petrova N, Sallsten G, Merler E., Cancer Causes Control 9(6), 1998
PMID: 10189044
Multiple metals exposure in a small-scale artisanal gold mining community.
Basu N, Nam DH, Kwansaa-Ansah E, Renne EP, Nriagu JO., Environ. Res. 111(3), 2011
PMID: 21397224
Human Biomonitoring Data from Mercury Exposed Miners in Six Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining Areas in Asia and Africa
Baeuml J, Bose-O’Reilly S, Matteucci R, Lettmeier B, Roider G, Drasch G, Siebert U., 2011

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2009

Dreschler B., 2002

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2002

Mtetwa C, Shava S., 2003

Shoko D, Veiga MM., 2004

Hayes K., 2008
Resource policies and small-scale gold mining in Zimbabwe
Spiegel SJ., 2009

Chouinard R, Veiga MM., 2008
A generic model for the assessment of disease epidemiology: the computational basis of DisMod II.
Barendregt JJ, Van Oortmarssen GJ, Vos T, Murray CJ., Popul Health Metr 1(1), 2003
PMID: 12773212

Stouthard MEA, Essink-Bot M-L, Bonsel GJ, Barendregt JJ, Kramers PGN, van HPA, Gunning-Schepers LJ, van PJ., 1997
Common values in assessing health outcomes from disease and injury: disability weights measurement study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.
Salomon JA, Vos T, Hogan DR, Gagnon M, Naghavi M, Mokdad A, Begum N, Shah R, Karyana M, Kosen S, Farje MR, Moncada G, Dutta A, Sazawal S, Dyer A, Seiler J, Aboyans V, Baker L, Baxter A, Benjamin EJ, Bhalla K, Bin Abdulhak A, Blyth F, Bourne R, Braithwaite T, Brooks P, Brugha TS, Bryan-Hancock C, Buchbinder R, Burney P, Calabria B, Chen H, Chugh SS, Cooley R, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahodwala N, Davis A, Degenhardt L, Diaz-Torne C, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Edmond K, Elbaz A, Ezzati M, Feigin V, Ferri CP, Flaxman AD, Flood L, Fransen M, Fuse K, Gabbe BJ, Gillum RF, Haagsma J, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Hel-Baqui A, Hoek HW, Hoffman H, Hogeland E, Hoy D, Jarvis D, Karthikeyan G, Knowlton LM, Lathlean T, Leasher JL, Lim SS, Lipshultz SE, Lopez AD, Lozano R, Lyons R, Malekzadeh R, Marcenes W, March L, Margolis DJ, McGill N, McGrath J, Mensah GA, Meyer AC, Michaud C, Moran A, Mori R, Murdoch ME, Naldi L, Newton CR, Norman R, Omer SB, Osborne R, Pearce N, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Phillips D, Pourmalek F, Prince M, Rehm JT, Remuzzi G, Richardson K, Room R, Saha S, Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L, Segui-Gomez M, Shahraz S, Shibuya K, Singh D, Sliwa K, Smith E, Soerjomataram I, Steiner T, Stolk WA, Stovner LJ, Sudfeld C, Taylor HR, Tleyjeh IM, van der Werf MJ, Watson WL, Weatherall DJ, Weintraub R, Weisskopf MG, Whiteford H, Wilkinson JD, Woolf AD, Zheng ZJ, Murray CJ, Jonas JB., Lancet 380(9859), 2012
PMID: 23245605
Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders.
Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J., Lancet 373(9682), 2009
PMID: 19560604

Reuter P., 2004
A mortality study of men exposed to elemental mercury.
Cragle DL, Hollis DR, Qualters JR, Tankersley WG, Fry SA., J Occup Med 26(11), 1984
PMID: 6502285

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 1991
[Remote results of chronic mercurial poisoning.]
ZEGLIO P., Rass Med Ind Ig Lav 27(4-5), 1958
PMID: 13614696

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 1990
63. Metals: Chemical Properties and Toxicity - Mercury
Nordberg G., 1998

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2003
Chronic mercury poisoning. 1946.
Buckell M, Hunter D, Milton R, Perry KM., Br J Ind Med 50(2), 1993
PMID: 8435354
The impact of long-term past exposure to elemental mercury on antioxidative capacity and lipid peroxidation in mercury miners.
Kobal AB, Horvat M, Prezelj M, Briski AS, Krsnik M, Dizdarevic T, Mazej D, Falnoga I, Stibilj V, Arneric N, Kobal D, Osredkar J., J Trace Elem Med Biol 17(4), 2004
PMID: 15139389
Neurological abnormalities associated with remote occupational elemental mercury exposure.
Albers JW, Kallenbach LR, Fine LJ, Langolf GD, Wolfe RA, Donofrio PD, Alessi AG, Stolp-Smith KA, Bromberg MB., Ann. Neurol. 24(5), 1988
PMID: 2849369
Neuropsychological effects associated with exposure to mercury vapor among former chloralkali workers.
Mathiesen T, Ellingsen DG, Kjuus H., Scand J Work Environ Health 25(4), 1999
PMID: 10505660
Residual neurologic deficits 30 years after occupational exposure to elemental mercury.
Letz R, Gerr F, Cragle D, Green RC, Watkins J, Fidler AT., Neurotoxicology 21(4), 2000
PMID: 11022856
Prognosis of mercury poisoning in mercury refinery workers.
He FS, Zhow XR, Lin BX, Xiung YP, Chen SY, Zhang SL, Ru JY, Deng MH., Ann. Acad. Med. Singap. 13(2 Suppl), 1984
PMID: 6497343
A neurological and neurophysiological study of chloralkali workers previously exposed to mercury vapour.
Andersen A, Ellingsen DG, Morland T, Kjuus H., Acta Neurol. Scand. 88(6), 1993
PMID: 8116345
Residual neurobehavioural effects associated with chronic exposure to mercury vapour.
Kishi R, Doi R, Fukuchi Y, Satoh H, Satoh T, Ono A, Moriwaka F, Tashiro K, Takahata N, Sasatani H., Occup Environ Med 51(1), 1994
PMID: 8124461
Neuropsychological dysfunction related to earlier occupational exposure to mercury vapor.
Zachi EC, D F V, Faria MA, Taub A., Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 40(3), 2007
PMID: 17334541
Health effects of long-term mercury exposure among chloralkali plant workers.
Frumkin H, Letz R, Williams PL, Gerr F, Pierce M, Sanders A, Elon L, Manning CC, Woods JS, Hertzberg VS, Mueller P, Taylor BB., Am. J. Ind. Med. 39(1), 2001
PMID: 11148011

Pereira SR, Dos RLC, Villas RC, Castilhos ZC, Yallouz AV, Peregovich B, Pereira DM, Nascimento FMF, Pedroso LRM, Bose-O’Reilly S, Drasch G, Dittmann A, Illig S, Maydl S, Lettmeier B, Pereira SR, Dos RLC, Villas RC, Castilhos ZC, Yallouz AV, Peregovich B, Pereira DM, Nascimento FMF, Pedroso LRM, Bose-O’Reilly S, Drasch G, Dittmann A, Illig S, Maydl S, Lettmeier B., 2004
Health evaluation of gold miners living in a mercury-contaminated village in Serra Pelada, Para, Brazil.
Corbett CE, El Khouri M, Costa AN, Gyuricza JV, Corbett JF, Frizzarini R, de Araujo Andrade DC, Cordeiro Q, Stravogiannis A, Chassot CA, Vieira JL, Pinheiro Mda C., Arch Environ Occup Health 62(3), 2007
PMID: 18400651

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2008

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2011
Disability-adjusted life years: a critical review.
Anand S, Hanson K., J Health Econ 16(6), 1997
PMID: 10176779

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2013
The impact of the environment on health by country: a meta-synthesis.
Pruss-Ustun A, Bonjour S, Corvalan C., Environ Health 7(), 2008
PMID: 18298819

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2009
A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.
Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, Amann M, Anderson HR, Andrews KG, Aryee M, Atkinson C, Bacchus LJ, Bahalim AN, Balakrishnan K, Balmes J, Barker-Collo S, Baxter A, Bell ML, Blore JD, Blyth F, Bonner C, Borges G, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Brauer M, Brooks P, Bruce NG, Brunekreef B, Bryan-Hancock C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Bull F, Burnett RT, Byers TE, Calabria B, Carapetis J, Carnahan E, Chafe Z, Charlson F, Chen H, Chen JS, Cheng AT, Child JC, Cohen A, Colson KE, Cowie BC, Darby S, Darling S, Davis A, Degenhardt L, Dentener F, Des Jarlais DC, Devries K, Dherani M, Ding EL, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Edmond K, Ali SE, Engell RE, Erwin PJ, Fahimi S, Falder G, Farzadfar F, Ferrari A, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Fowkes FG, Freedman G, Freeman MK, Gakidou E, Ghosh S, Giovannucci E, Gmel G, Graham K, Grainger R, Grant B, Gunnell D, Gutierrez HR, Hall W, Hoek HW, Hogan A, Hosgood HD 3rd, Hoy D, Hu H, Hubbell BJ, Hutchings SJ, Ibeanusi SE, Jacklyn GL, Jasrasaria R, Jonas JB, Kan H, Kanis JA, Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Khang YH, Khatibzadeh S, Khoo JP, Kok C, Laden F, Lalloo R, Lan Q, Lathlean T, Leasher JL, Leigh J, Li Y, Lin JK, Lipshultz SE, London S, Lozano R, Lu Y, Mak J, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Marcenes W, March L, Marks R, Martin R, McGale P, McGrath J, Mehta S, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Micha R, Michaud C, Mishra V, Mohd Hanafiah K, Mokdad AA, Morawska L, Mozaffarian D, Murphy T, Naghavi M, Neal B, Nelson PK, Nolla JM, Norman R, Olives C, Omer SB, Orchard J, Osborne R, Ostro B, Page A, Pandey KD, Parry CD, Passmore E, Patra J, Pearce N, Pelizzari PM, Petzold M, Phillips MR, Pope D, Pope CA 3rd, Powles J, Rao M, Razavi H, Rehfuess EA, Rehm JT, Ritz B, Rivara FP, Roberts T, Robinson C, Rodriguez-Portales JA, Romieu I, Room R, Rosenfeld LC, Roy A, Rushton L, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L, Sanman E, Sapkota A, Seedat S, Shi P, Shield K, Shivakoti R, Singh GM, Sleet DA, Smith E, Smith KR, Stapelberg NJ, Steenland K, Stockl H, Stovner LJ, Straif K, Straney L, Thurston GD, Tran JH, Van Dingenen R, van Donkelaar A, Veerman JL, Vijayakumar L, Weintraub R, Weissman MM, White RA, Whiteford H, Wiersma ST, Wilkinson JD, Williams HC, Williams W, Wilson N, Woolf AD, Yip P, Zielinski JM, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, Ezzati M, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA., Lancet 380(9859), 2012
PMID: 23245609

Hänninen O, Knol A., 2011

Knol A, Staatsen B., 2009
Rapid assessment of environmental health risks posed by mining operations in low- and middle-income countries: selected case studies.
Caravanos J, Ericson B, Ponce-Canchihuaman J, Hanrahan D, Block M, Susilorini B, Fuller R., Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20(11), 2012
PMID: 23263764
Health assessment of artisanal gold miners in Indonesia.
Bose-O'Reilly S, Drasch G, Beinhoff C, Rodrigues-Filho S, Roider G, Lettmeier B, Maydl A, Maydl S, Siebert U., Sci. Total Environ. 408(4), 2009
PMID: 19945736
Mercury poisoning: prevalence, knowledge and frequency of gold panning and doing retort among alluvial gold panners in Chiweshe and Tafuna communal lands in Zimbabwe.
Matchaba-Hove RB, Siziya S, Rusakaniko S, Kadenhe RM, Dumbu S, Chirenda J., Cent Afr J Med 47(11-12), 2001
PMID: 12808777
Building Capacity in Small-Scale Mining Communities: Health, Ecosystem Sustainability, and the Global Mercury Project
Spiegel SJ, Veiga MM., 2005
Mercury in breast milk - a health hazard for infants in gold mining areas?
Bose-O'Reilly S, Lettmeier B, Roider G, Siebert U, Drasch G., Int J Hyg Environ Health 211(5-6), 2008
PMID: 18262466
Mercury exposure among artisanal gold miners in Madre de Dios, Peru: a cross-sectional study.
Yard EE, Horton J, Schier JG, Caldwell K, Sanchez C, Lewis L, Gastanaga C., J Med Toxicol 8(4), 2012
PMID: 22926732
Mercury exposure of maroon workers in the small scale gold mining in Suriname.
de Kom JF, van der Voet GB, de Wolff FA., Environ. Res. 77(2), 1998
PMID: 9600801
Assessment of Hg contamination and exposure to miners and schoolchildren at a small-scale gold mining and recovery operation in Thailand.
Umbangtalad S, Parkpian P, Visvanathan C, Delaune RD, Jugsujinda A., J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 42(14), 2007
PMID: 18074277
Human exposure to mercury due to small scale gold mining in northern Tanzania.
van Straaten P., Sci. Total Environ. 259(1-3), 2000
PMID: 11032134
Occupational and environmental mercury exposure among small-scale gold miners in the Talensi-Nabdam District of Ghana's Upper East region.
Paruchuri Y, Siuniak A, Johnson N, Levin E, Mitchell K, Goodrich JM, Renne EP, Basu N., Sci. Total Environ. 408(24), 2010
PMID: 20875913
Mercury exposure and children's health.
Bose-O'Reilly S, McCarty KM, Steckling N, Lettmeier B., Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 40(8), 2010
PMID: 20816346
Relationship between localization of gold mining areas and hair mercury levels in people from Bolivar, north of Colombia.
Olivero-Verbel J, Caballero-Gallardo K, Marrugo Negrete J, Negrete-Marrugo J., Biol Trace Elem Res 144(1-3), 2011
PMID: 21476008
Overcoming environmental problems in the gold panning sector through legislation and education: the Zimbabwean experience
Maponga O, Ngorima CF., 2003
Small-scale mining and alluvial gold panning within the Zambezi Basin: an ecological time-bomb and a tinderbox for future conflict among riparian states
Shoko D., 2002

Veiga MM., 2004

Metcalf S, Spiegel S., 2007

Hentschel T, Hruschka F, Priester M., 2003

Hentschel T, Hruschka F, Priester M., 2002

Hinton J, Veiga M., 2004

Hoadley M, Limpitlaw D, Weaver A., 2002
Mercury hazards from gold mining to humans, plants, and animals.
Eisler R., Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 181(), 2004
PMID: 14738199
Personality traits in miners with past occupational elemental mercury exposure.
Kobal Grum D, Kobal AB, Arneric N, Horvat M, Zenko B, Dzeroski S, Osredkar J., Environ. Health Perspect. 114(2), 2006
PMID: 16451870
Mortality from cardiovascular diseases and exposure to inorganic mercury.
Boffetta P, Sallsten G, Garcia-Gomez M, Pompe-Kirn V, Zaridze D, Bulbulyan M, Caballero JD, Ceccarelli F, Kobal AB, Merler E., Occup Environ Med 58(7), 2001
PMID: 11404451
Dealing with uncertainties in environmental burden of disease assessment.
Knol AB, Petersen AC, van der Sluijs JP, Lebret E., Environ Health 8(), 2009
PMID: 19400963

Lucas R, McMichael T, Smith W, Armstrong B., 2006
Burden of disease from toxic waste sites in India, Indonesia, and the Philippines in 2010.
Chatham-Stephens K, Caravanos J, Ericson B, Sunga-Amparo J, Susilorini B, Sharma P, Landrigan PJ, Fuller R., Environ. Health Perspect. 121(7), 2013
PMID: 23649493

AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2009

Fewtrell L, Kaufmann R, Prüss-Üstün A., 2003
Global Burden of Disease
Mathers C., 2008
Export

Markieren/ Markierung löschen
Markierte Publikationen

Open Data PUB

Web of Science

Dieser Datensatz im Web of Science®
Quellen

PMID: 25495641
PubMed | Europe PMC

Suchen in

Google Scholar