Evaluating the drivers of and obstacles to the willingness to use cognitive enhancement drugs: the influence of drug characteristics, social environment, and personal characteristics
Sattler S, Mehlkop G, Graeff P, Sauer C (2014)
Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 9(1): 8.
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
| Veröffentlicht | Englisch
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Einrichtung
Abstract / Bemerkung
Background
The use of cognitive enhancement (CE) by means of pharmaceutical agents has been the subject of intense debate both among scientists and in the media. This study investigates several drivers of and obstacles to the willingness to use prescription drugs non-medically for augmenting brain capacity.
Methods
We conducted a web-based study among 2,877 students from randomly selected disciplines at German universities. Using a factorial survey, respondents expressed their willingness to take various hypothetical CE-drugs; the drugs were described by five experimentally varied characteristics and the social environment by three varied characteristics. Personal characteristics and demographic controls were also measured.
Results
We found that 65.3% of the respondents staunchly refused to use CE-drugs. The results of a multivariate negative binomial regression indicated that respondents’ willingness to use CE-drugs increased if the potential drugs promised a significant augmentation of mental capacity and a high probability of achieving this augmentation. Willingness decreased when there was a high probability of side effects and a high price. Prevalent CE-drug use among peers increased willingness, whereas a social environment that strongly disapproved of these drugs decreased it. Regarding the respondents’ characteristics, pronounced academic procrastination, high cognitive test anxiety, low intrinsic motivation, low internalization of social norms against CE-drug use, and past experiences with CE-drugs increased willingness. The potential severity of side effects, social recommendations about using CE-drugs, risk preferences, and competencies had no measured effects upon willingness.
Conclusions
These findings contribute to understanding factors that influence the willingness to use CE-drugs. They support the assumption of instrumental drug use and may contribute to the development of prevention, policy, and educational strategies.
Stichworte
Cognitive test anxiety;
Academic procrastination;
Risk attitudes;
Social network;
Social norms;
Substance abuse;
Pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement
Erscheinungsjahr
2014
Zeitschriftentitel
Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
Band
9
Ausgabe
1
Art.-Nr.
8
Urheberrecht / Lizenzen
ISSN
1747-597X
Finanzierungs-Informationen
Open-Access-Publikationskosten wurden durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft und die Universität Bielefeld gefördert.
Page URI
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2660085
Zitieren
Sattler S, Mehlkop G, Graeff P, Sauer C. Evaluating the drivers of and obstacles to the willingness to use cognitive enhancement drugs: the influence of drug characteristics, social environment, and personal characteristics. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. 2014;9(1): 8.
Sattler, S., Mehlkop, G., Graeff, P., & Sauer, C. (2014). Evaluating the drivers of and obstacles to the willingness to use cognitive enhancement drugs: the influence of drug characteristics, social environment, and personal characteristics. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 9(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-9-8
Sattler, Sebastian, Mehlkop, Guido, Graeff, Peter, and Sauer, Carsten. 2014. “Evaluating the drivers of and obstacles to the willingness to use cognitive enhancement drugs: the influence of drug characteristics, social environment, and personal characteristics”. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 9 (1): 8.
Sattler, S., Mehlkop, G., Graeff, P., and Sauer, C. (2014). Evaluating the drivers of and obstacles to the willingness to use cognitive enhancement drugs: the influence of drug characteristics, social environment, and personal characteristics. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 9:8.
Sattler, S., et al., 2014. Evaluating the drivers of and obstacles to the willingness to use cognitive enhancement drugs: the influence of drug characteristics, social environment, and personal characteristics. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 9(1): 8.
S. Sattler, et al., “Evaluating the drivers of and obstacles to the willingness to use cognitive enhancement drugs: the influence of drug characteristics, social environment, and personal characteristics”, Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, vol. 9, 2014, : 8.
Sattler, S., Mehlkop, G., Graeff, P., Sauer, C.: Evaluating the drivers of and obstacles to the willingness to use cognitive enhancement drugs: the influence of drug characteristics, social environment, and personal characteristics. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. 9, : 8 (2014).
Sattler, Sebastian, Mehlkop, Guido, Graeff, Peter, and Sauer, Carsten. “Evaluating the drivers of and obstacles to the willingness to use cognitive enhancement drugs: the influence of drug characteristics, social environment, and personal characteristics”. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 9.1 (2014): 8.
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Ragan CI, Bard I, Singh I; Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs., Neuropharmacology 64(), 2012
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Randomized response estimates for the 12-month prevalence of cognitive-enhancing drug use in university students.
Dietz P, Striegel H, Franke AG, Lieb K, Simon P, Ulrich R., Pharmacotherapy 33(1), 2013
PMID: 23307544
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Kroutil LA, Van Brunt DL, Herman-Stahl MA, Heller DC, Bray RM, Penne MA., Drug Alcohol Depend 84(2), 2006
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AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2012
Sampling weights and regression analysis
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The impact of anonymity on responses to sensitive questions
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Social desirability bias in CATI, IVR, and Web surveys: the effects of mode and question sensitivity
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The use of vignettes in survey research
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Designing vignette studies in marketing
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An examination of the effects of social desirability bias on business ethics: research results
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Writing about testing worries boosts exam performance in the classroom.
Ramirez G, Beilock SL., Science 331(6014), 2011
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