Molecular Mechanisms of HIV-1 Latency from a Chromatin and Epigenetic Perspective
Jütte B, Love L, Svensson JP (2023)
Current Clinical Microbiology Reports 10(4): 246-254.
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Love, Luca;
Svensson, J. Peter
**Purpose of Review**
The main obstacle to an HIV-1 cure is the reservoir of HIV-1 infected cells. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) eliminates the HIV-1 virus effectively, it does not target the reservoir. To eliminate infected cells, we need an improved understanding of the reservoir maintenance and reactivation mechanisms, including the influence of chromatin.
**Recent Findings**
The last years’ technological advances enable an in-depth study of the reservoir, uncovering subsets of infected cells, proviral integration sites, and single-cell nucleosome histone modifications. These revelations illustrate how the immune system and cell proliferation shape reservoirs under long-term ART. These forces create highly individual reservoirs that will require personalized treatment for their eradication.
**Summary**
A greater understanding of HIV-1 latency mechanisms, focusing on chromatin features, proviral reservoir dynamics, and inter-individual differences, can drive the development of more precise HIV-1 treatment strategies, ultimately achieving a globally available HIV-1 cure.
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