There are a million ways to be a woman and a million ways to be a man: Gender differences across personality nuances and nations
Hofmann R, Rozgonjuk D, Soto CJ, Ostendorf F, Mõttus R (2025)
Journal of Research in Personality 115: 104582.
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
| Veröffentlicht | Englisch
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Autor*in
Hofmann, Roxana;
Rozgonjuk, Dmitri;
Soto, Christopher J.;
Ostendorf, FritzUniBi 
;
Mõttus, René
;
Mõttus, RenéAbstract / Bemerkung
Gender differences in personality are typically summarised using broad trait domains. To acknowledge personality traits’ multidimensionality, we studied gender differences on different levels of the personality hierarchy. Using data spanning 74 countries and four different inventories, we compared the multivariate and univariate associations of gender with aggregate trait domains and facets, and unaggregated items as markers of trait nuances. Many gender differences were specific to narrow traits and geographical contexts. While gender is accurately predictable by aggregating small gender differences in multiple traits (multivariate gender difference), individual traits cannot be accurately predicted from gender (univariate gender differences), making many simplistic statements about gender differences inconsistent with data.
Erscheinungsjahr
2025
Zeitschriftentitel
Journal of Research in Personality
Band
115
Art.-Nr.
104582
ISSN
0092-6566
eISSN
1095-7251
Page URI
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2984450
Zitieren
Hofmann R, Rozgonjuk D, Soto CJ, Ostendorf F, Mõttus R. There are a million ways to be a woman and a million ways to be a man: Gender differences across personality nuances and nations. Journal of Research in Personality. 2025;115: 104582.
Hofmann, R., Rozgonjuk, D., Soto, C. J., Ostendorf, F., & Mõttus, R. (2025). There are a million ways to be a woman and a million ways to be a man: Gender differences across personality nuances and nations. Journal of Research in Personality, 115, 104582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104582
Hofmann, Roxana, Rozgonjuk, Dmitri, Soto, Christopher J., Ostendorf, Fritz, and Mõttus, René. 2025. “There are a million ways to be a woman and a million ways to be a man: Gender differences across personality nuances and nations”. Journal of Research in Personality 115: 104582.
Hofmann, R., Rozgonjuk, D., Soto, C. J., Ostendorf, F., and Mõttus, R. (2025). There are a million ways to be a woman and a million ways to be a man: Gender differences across personality nuances and nations. Journal of Research in Personality 115:104582.
Hofmann, R., et al., 2025. There are a million ways to be a woman and a million ways to be a man: Gender differences across personality nuances and nations. Journal of Research in Personality, 115: 104582.
R. Hofmann, et al., “There are a million ways to be a woman and a million ways to be a man: Gender differences across personality nuances and nations”, Journal of Research in Personality, vol. 115, 2025, : 104582.
Hofmann, R., Rozgonjuk, D., Soto, C.J., Ostendorf, F., Mõttus, R.: There are a million ways to be a woman and a million ways to be a man: Gender differences across personality nuances and nations. Journal of Research in Personality. 115, : 104582 (2025).
Hofmann, Roxana, Rozgonjuk, Dmitri, Soto, Christopher J., Ostendorf, Fritz, and Mõttus, René. “There are a million ways to be a woman and a million ways to be a man: Gender differences across personality nuances and nations”. Journal of Research in Personality 115 (2025): 104582.
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