The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field

Sabater J, Best PN, Tasse C, Hardcastle MJ, Shimwell TW, Nisbet D, Jelic V, Callingham JR, Röttgering HJA, Bonato M, Bondi M, et al. (2020)
Astronomy & Astrophysics 648: A2.

Zeitschriftenaufsatz | Veröffentlicht | Englisch
 
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Autor*in
Sabater, J.; Best, P. N.; Tasse, C.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Shimwell, T. W.; Nisbet, D.; Jelic, V.; Callingham, J. R.; Röttgering, H. J. A.; Bonato, M.; Bondi, M.; Ciardi, B.
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Abstract / Bemerkung
The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) will cover the full northern sky and, additionally, aims to observe the LoTSS deep fields to a noise level of ~10 microJy/bm over several tens of square degrees in areas that have the most extensive ancillary data. This paper presents the ELAIS-N1 deep field, the deepest of the LoTSS deep fields to date. With an effective observing time of 163.7 hours, it reaches a root mean square (RMS) noise level below 20 microJy/bm in the central region (and below 30 microJy/bm over 10 square degrees). The resolution is 6 arcsecs and 84862 radio sources were detected in the full area (68 sq. deg.) with 74127 sources in the highest quality area at less than 3 degrees from the pointing centre. The observation reaches a sky density of more than 5000 sources per sq. deg. in the central ~5 sq. deg. region. We present the calibration procedure, which addresses the special configuration of some observations and the extended bandwidth covered (115 to 177 MHz; central frequency 146.2 MHz) compared to standard LoTSS. We also describe the methods used to calibrate the flux density scale using cross-matching with sources detected by other radio surveys in the literature. We find the flux density uncertainty related to the flux density scale to be ~6.5%. By studying the variations of the flux density measurements between different epochs, we show that relative flux density calibration is reliable out to about a 3 degree radius, but that additional flux density uncertainty is present for all sources at about the 3 per cent level; this is likely to be associated with residual calibration errors, and is shown to be more significant in datasets with poorer ionosphere conditions. We also provide intra-band spectral indices, which can be useful to detect sources with unusual spectral properties. The final uncertainty in the flux densities is estimated to be ~10% for ELAIS-N1.
Erscheinungsjahr
2020
Zeitschriftentitel
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Band
648
Art.-Nr.
A2
ISSN
0004-6361
eISSN
1432-0746
Page URI
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2950030

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Sabater J, Best PN, Tasse C, et al. The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2020;648: A2.
Sabater, J., Best, P. N., Tasse, C., Hardcastle, M. J., Shimwell, T. W., Nisbet, D., Jelic, V., et al. (2020). The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648, A2. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038828
Sabater, J., Best, P. N., Tasse, C., Hardcastle, M. J., Shimwell, T. W., Nisbet, D., Jelic, V., et al. 2020. “The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field”. Astronomy & Astrophysics 648: A2.
Sabater, J., Best, P. N., Tasse, C., Hardcastle, M. J., Shimwell, T. W., Nisbet, D., Jelic, V., Callingham, J. R., Röttgering, H. J. A., Bonato, M., et al. (2020). The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field. Astronomy & Astrophysics 648:A2.
Sabater, J., et al., 2020. The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648: A2.
J. Sabater, et al., “The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field”, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 648, 2020, : A2.
Sabater, J., Best, P.N., Tasse, C., Hardcastle, M.J., Shimwell, T.W., Nisbet, D., Jelic, V., Callingham, J.R., Röttgering, H.J.A., Bonato, M., Bondi, M., Ciardi, B., Cochrane, R.K., Jarvis, M.J., Kondapally, R., Koopmans, L., O'Sullivan, S.P., Prandoni, I., Schwarz, D., Smith, D.J.B., Wang, L., Williams, W.L., Zaroubi, S.: The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 648, : A2 (2020).
Sabater, J., Best, P. N., Tasse, C., Hardcastle, M. J., Shimwell, T. W., Nisbet, D., Jelic, V., Callingham, J. R., Röttgering, H. J. A., Bonato, M., Bondi, M., Ciardi, B., Cochrane, R. K., Jarvis, M. J., Kondapally, R., Koopmans, L., O'Sullivan, S. P., Prandoni, I., Schwarz, Dominik, Smith, D.J.B., Wang, L., Williams, W.L., and Zaroubi, S. “The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field”. Astronomy & Astrophysics 648 (2020): A2.
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