Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Wang H, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Abraha HN, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Adedeji IA, et al. (2017)
LANCET 390(10100): 1084-1150.

Zeitschriftenaufsatz | Veröffentlicht | Englisch
 
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Autor*in
Wang, Haidong; Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbas, Kaja M.; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Abraha, Haftom Niguse; Abu-Raddad, Laith J.; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.; Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji
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Abstract / Bemerkung
Background Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. Methods We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0.5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. Findings Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86.9 years (95% UI 86.7-87.2), and for men in Singapore, at 81.3 years (78.8-83.7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, and the gap between male and female life expectancy increased with progression to higher levels of SDI. Some countries with exceptional health performance in 1990 in terms of the difference in observed to expected life expectancy at birth had slower progress on the same measure in 2016. Interpretation Globally, mortality rates have decreased across all age groups over the past five decades, with the largest improvements occurring among children younger than 5 years. However, at the national level, considerable heterogeneity remains in terms of both level and rate of changes in age-specific mortality; increases in mortality for certain age groups occurred in some locations. We found evidence that the absolute gap between countries in age-specific death rates has declined, although the relative gap for some age-sex groups increased. Countries that now lead in terms of having higher observed life expectancy than that expected on the basis of development alone, or locations that have either increased this advantage or rapidly decreased the deficit from expected levels, could provide insight into the means to accelerate progress in nations where progress has stalled. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Erscheinungsjahr
2017
Zeitschriftentitel
LANCET
Band
390
Ausgabe
10100
Seite(n)
1084-1150
ISSN
0140-6736
eISSN
1474-547X
Page URI
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2916465

Zitieren

Wang H, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, et al. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. LANCET. 2017;390(10100):1084-1150.
Wang, H., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abd-Allah, F., Abera, S. F., et al. (2017). Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. LANCET, 390(10100), 1084-1150. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31833-0
Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw Ferede, et al. 2017. “Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016”. LANCET 390 (10100): 1084-1150.
Wang, H., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abd-Allah, F., Abera, S. F., Abraha, H. N., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. E., et al. (2017). Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. LANCET 390, 1084-1150.
Wang, H., et al., 2017. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. LANCET, 390(10100), p 1084-1150.
H. Wang, et al., “Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016”, LANCET, vol. 390, 2017, pp. 1084-1150.
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regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. LANCET. 390, 1084-1150 (2017).
Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. 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118 Zitationen in Europe PMC

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Mapping diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine coverage in Africa, 2000-2016: a spatial and temporal modelling study.
Mosser JF, Gagne-Maynard W, Rao PC, Osgood-Zimmerman A, Fullman N, Graetz N, Burstein R, Updike RL, Liu PY, Ray SE, Earl L, Deshpande A, Casey DC, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Cromwell EA, Pigott DM, Shearer FM, Larson HJ, Weiss DJ, Bhatt S, Gething PW, Murray CJL, Lim SS, Reiner RC, Hay SI., Lancet 393(10183), 2019
PMID: 30961907
Key Decision Makers and Actors in Selected Newborn Care Practices: A Community-Based Survey in Northern Uganda.
Mukunya D, Nankabirwa V, Ndeezi G, Tumuhamye J, Tongun JB, Kizito S, Napyo A, Achora V, Odongkara B, Arach AA, Tylleskar T, Tumwine JK., Int J Environ Res Public Health 16(10), 2019
PMID: 31100814
Regional prevalence and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in India.
Ogbo FA, Dhami MV, Awosemo AO, Olusanya BO, Olusanya J, Osuagwu UL, Ghimire PR, Page A, Agho KE., Int Breastfeed J 14(), 2019
PMID: 31131015
Forty years since Alma-Ata: do we need a new model for noncommunicable diseases?
Beran D, Perel P, Miranda JJ., J Glob Health 9(1), 2019
PMID: 31217953
Global Effect Factors for Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter.
Fantke P, McKone TE, Tainio M, Jolliet O, Apte JS, Stylianou KS, Illner N, Marshall JD, Choma EF, Evans JS., Environ Sci Technol 53(12), 2019
PMID: 31132267
Effects of Qi Teng Xiao Zhuo granules on circRNA expression profiles in rats with chronic glomerulonephritis.
Gao JR, Jiang NN, Jiang H, Wei LB, Gao YC, Qin XJ, Zhu MQ, Wang J., Drug Des Devel Ther 13(), 2019
PMID: 31239641
Development of the Chilean front-of-package food warning label.
Reyes M, Garmendia ML, Olivares S, Aqueveque C, Zacarías I, Corvalán C., BMC Public Health 19(1), 2019
PMID: 31286910
Secular trends in HIV/AIDS mortality in China from 1990 to 2016: Gender disparities.
Gao D, Zou Z, Dong B, Zhang W, Chen T, Cui W, Ma Y., PLoS One 14(7), 2019
PMID: 31318900
Distinct mortality patterns at 0-2 days versus the remaining neonatal period: results from population-based assessment in the Indian state of Bihar.
Dandona R, Kumar GA, Bhattacharya D, Akbar M, Atmavilas Y, Nanda P, Dandona L., BMC Med 17(1), 2019
PMID: 31319860
Predictor of Death in Diarrheal Children Under 5 Years of Age Having Severe Sepsis in an Urban Critical Care Ward in Bangladesh.
Sarmin M, Afroze F, Sharifuzzaman, Alam T, Shaly NJ, Ahmed T, Chisti MJ., Glob Pediatr Health 6(), 2019
PMID: 31384628
A simulation study of the effect of lung cancer screening in China, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea.
Chen Y, Watson TR, Criss SD, Eckel A, Palazzo L, Sheehan DF, Kong CY., PLoS One 14(7), 2019
PMID: 31361789
Estimating under-five mortality in space and time in a developing world context.
Wakefield J, Fuglstad GA, Riebler A, Godwin J, Wilson K, Clark SJ., Stat Methods Med Res (), 2018
PMID: 29671377
Mapping of global scientific research in comorbidity and multimorbidity: A cross-sectional analysis.
Catalá-López F, Alonso-Arroyo A, Page MJ, Hutton B, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Aleixandre-Benavent R., PLoS One 13(1), 2018
PMID: 29298301
The association between infant and young child feeding practices and diarrhoea in Tanzanian children.
Ogbo FA, Nguyen H, Naz S, Agho KE, Page A., Trop Med Health 46(), 2018
PMID: 29422772
Status of Hypertension in China: Results From the China Hypertension Survey, 2012-2015.
Wang Z, Chen Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Hao G, Zhang Z, Shao L, Tian Y, Dong Y, Zheng C, Wang J, Zhu M, Weintraub WS, Gao R, China Hypertension Survey Investigators., Circulation 137(22), 2018
PMID: 29449338
Pandemic Flu, 1918: After hundred years, India is as vulnerable.
Kant L, Guleria R., Indian J Med Res 147(3), 2018
PMID: 29923508
Emergency department risk factors for serious clinical deterioration in a paediatric hospital in Peru.
Nielsen KR, Aronés Rojas R, Tantaleán da Fieno J, Huicho L, Roberts JS, Zunt J., J Paediatr Child Health 54(8), 2018
PMID: 29582497
The State of US Health, 1990-2016: Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Among US States.
US Burden of Disease Collaborators, Mokdad AH, Ballestros K, Echko M, Glenn S, Olsen HE, Mullany E, Lee A, Khan AR, Ahmadi A, Ferrari AJ, Kasaeian A, Werdecker A, Carter A, Zipkin B, Sartorius B, Serdar B, Sykes BL, Troeger C, Fitzmaurice C, Rehm CD, Santomauro D, Kim D, Colombara D, Schwebel DC, Tsoi D, Kolte D, Nsoesie E, Nichols E, Oren E, Charlson FJ, Patton GC, Roth GA, Hosgood HD, Whiteford HA, Kyu H, Erskine HE, Huang H, Martopullo I, Singh JA, Nachega JB, Sanabria JR, Abbas K, Ong K, Tabb K, Krohn KJ, Cornaby L, Degenhardt L, Moses M, Farvid M, Griswold M, Criqui M, Bell M, Nguyen M, Wallin M, Mirarefin M, Qorbani M, Younis M, Fullman N, Liu P, Briant P, Gona P, Havmoller R, Leung R, Kimokoti R, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Hay SI, Yadgir S, Biryukov S, Vollset SE, Alam T, Frank T, Farid T, Miller T, Vos T, Bärnighausen T, Gebrehiwot TT, Yano Y, Al-Aly Z, Mehari A, Handal A, Kandel A, Anderson B, Biroscak B, Mozaffarian D, Dorsey ER, Ding EL, Park EK, Wagner G, Hu G, Chen H, Sunshine JE, Khubchandani J, Leasher J, Leung J, Salomon J, Unutzer J, Cahill L, Cooper L, Horino M, Brauer M, Breitborde N, Hotez P, Topor-Madry R, Soneji S, Stranges S, James S, Amrock S, Jayaraman S, Patel T, Akinyemiju T, Skirbekk V, Kinfu Y, Bhutta Z, Jonas JB, Murray CJL., JAMA 319(14), 2018
PMID: 29634829
How can we accelerate progress on civil registration and vital statistics?
AbouZahr C, Bratschi MW, Muñoz DC, Santon R, Richards N, Riley I, Setel P., Bull World Health Organ 96(4), 2018
PMID: 29695876
Spending on health and HIV/AIDS: domestic health spending and development assistance in 188 countries, 1995-2015.
Global Burden of Disease Health Financing Collaborator Network., Lancet 391(10132), 2018
PMID: 29678342
Assessment of health care, hospital admissions, and mortality by ethnicity: population-based cohort study of health-system performance in Scotland.
Katikireddi SV, Cezard G, Bhopal RS, Williams L, Douglas A, Millard A, Steiner M, Buchanan D, Sheikh A, Gruer L., Lancet Public Health 3(5), 2018
PMID: 29685729
Optimizing the impact of low-efficacy influenza vaccines.
Sah P, Medlock J, Fitzpatrick MC, Singer BH, Galvani AP., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115(20), 2018
PMID: 29712866
Appropriate and timely antibiotic administration for neonatal sepsis in Mesoamérica.
Duber HC, Hartford EA, Schaefer AM, Johanns CK, Colombara DV, Iriarte E, Palmisano EB, Rios-Zertuche D, Zuniga-Brenes P, Hernández-Prado B, Mokdad AH., BMJ Glob Health 3(3), 2018
PMID: 29862053
Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology in Portuguese-Speaking Countries: data from the Global Burden of Disease, 1990 to 2016.
Nascimento BR, Brant LCC, Oliveira GMM, Malachias MVB, Reis GMA, Teixeira RA, Malta DC, França E, Souza MFM, Roth GA, Ribeiro ALP., Arq Bras Cardiol 110(6), 2018
PMID: 30226906
The burden of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Brazil, 1990-2016: A subnational analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.
Martins-Melo FR, Carneiro M, Ramos AN, Heukelbach J, Ribeiro ALP, Werneck GL., PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12(6), 2018
PMID: 29864133
Using NIATx strategies to implement integrated services in routine care: a study protocol.
Ford JH, Osborne EL, Assefa MT, McIlvaine AM, King AM, Campbell K, McGovern MP., BMC Health Serv Res 18(1), 2018
PMID: 29884164
Slaying little dragons: the impact of the Guinea Worm Eradication Program on dracunculiasis disability averted from 1990 to 2016
Cromwell EA, Roy S, Sankara DP, Weiss A, Stanaway J, Goldberg E, Pigott DM, Larson H, Vollset SE, Krohn K, Foreman K, Hotez P, Bhutta Z, Bekele BB, Edessa D, Kassembaum N, Mokdad A, Murray CJL, Hay SI., 2018
PMID: PPR44493
Slaying little dragons: the impact of the Guinea Worm Eradication Program on dracunculiasis disability averted from 1990 to 2016.
Cromwell EA, Roy S, Sankara DP, Weiss A, Stanaway J, Goldberg E, Pigott DM, Larson H, Vollset SE, Krohn K, Foreman K, Hotez P, Bhutta Z, Bekele BB, Edessa D, Kassembaum N, Mokdad A, Murray CJL, Hay SI., Gates Open Res 2(), 2018
PMID: 30234196
Changes in health in Belgium, 1990-2016: a benchmarking analysis based on the global burden of disease 2016 study.
Maertens de Noordhout C, Van Oyen H, Speybroeck N, Devleesschauwer B., BMC Public Health 18(1), 2018
PMID: 29925365
On the road to universal health care in Indonesia, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.
Mboi N, Murty Surbakti I, Trihandini I, Elyazar I, Houston Smith K, Bahjuri Ali P, Kosen S, Flemons K, Ray SE, Cao J, Glenn SD, Miller-Petrie MK, Mooney MD, Ried JL, Nur Anggraini Ningrum D, Idris F, Siregar KN, Harimurti P, Bernstein RS, Pangestu T, Sidharta Y, Naghavi M, Murray CJL, Hay SI., Lancet 392(10147), 2018
PMID: 29961639
The transition to modernity and chronic disease: mismatch and natural selection.
Corbett S, Courtiol A, Lummaa V, Moorad J, Stearns S., Nat Rev Genet 19(7), 2018
PMID: 29743650
Wanted: Less Prevalence of and More Data on Early Childhood Caries.
Tschampl CA., Am J Public Health 108(8), 2018
PMID: 29995491
A strategy for measuring health outcomes and evaluating impacts of interventions on asthma and COPD-common chronic respiratory diseases in Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD) countries.
To T, Cruz AA, Viegi G, McGihon R, Khaltaev N, Yorgancioglu A, Camargos PA, La Grutta S, Baena-Cagnani CE, Haahtela T, Billo NE, Schraufngael DE, Bousquet J., J Thorac Dis 10(8), 2018
PMID: 30233894
Small area estimation of under-5 mortality in Bangladesh, Cameroon, Chad, Mozambique, Uganda, and Zambia using spatially misaligned data.
Dwyer-Lindgren L, Squires ER, Teeple S, Ikilezi G, Allen Roberts D, Colombara DV, Allen SK, Kamande SM, Graetz N, Flaxman AD, El Bcheraoui C, Asbjornsdottir K, Asiimwe G, Augusto Ă‚, Augusto O, Chilundo B, De Schacht C, Gimbel S, Kamya C, Namugaya F, Masiye F, Mauieia C, Miangotar Y, Mimche H, Sabonete A, Sarma H, Sherr K, Simuyemba M, Sinyangwe AC, Uddin J, Wagenaar BH, Lim SS., Popul Health Metr 16(1), 2018
PMID: 30103791
Gene therapy in cardiovascular diseases: A review of recent updates.
Gorabi AM, Hajighasemi S, Tafti HA, Soleimani M, Panahi Y, Ganjali S, Sahebkar A., J Cell Biochem 119(12), 2018
PMID: 30129172
Does it really matter where you live? A multilevel analysis of factors associated with missed opportunities for vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa.
Uthman OA, Sambala EZ, Adamu AA, Ndwandwe D, Wiyeh AB, Olukade T, Bishwajit G, Yaya S, Okwo-Bele JM, Wiysonge CS., Hum Vaccin Immunother 14(10), 2018
PMID: 30059645
The power of practice: simulation training improving the quality of neonatal resuscitation skills in Bihar, India.
Vail B, Morgan MC, Spindler H, Christmas A, Cohen SR, Walker DM., BMC Pediatr 18(1), 2018
PMID: 30176831
The increasing burden of diabetes and variations among the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016.
India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Diabetes Collaborators., Lancet Glob Health 6(12), 2018
PMID: 30219315
The burden of chronic respiratory diseases and their heterogeneity across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016.
India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative CRD Collaborators., Lancet Glob Health 6(12), 2018
PMID: 30219316
The changing patterns of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016.
India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative CVD Collaborators., Lancet Glob Health 6(12), 2018
PMID: 30219317
Gender differentials and state variations in suicide deaths in India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016.
India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Suicide Collaborators., Lancet Public Health 3(10), 2018
PMID: 30219340
The burden of cancers and their variations across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016.
India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Cancer Collaborators., Lancet Oncol 19(10), 2018
PMID: 30219626
The burden of musculoskeletal disorders in Mexico at national and state level, 1990-2016: estimates from the global burden of disease study 2016.
Clark P, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Razo C, Rios-Blancas MJ, Lozano R., Osteoporos Int 29(12), 2018
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Tuberculosis disease burden and attributable risk factors in Nigeria, 1990-2016.
Ogbo FA, Ogeleka P, Okoro A, Olusanya BO, Olusanya J, Ifegwu IK, Awosemo AO, Eastwood J, Page A., Trop Med Health 46(), 2018
PMID: 30262990
Global, regional, and national mortality trends in older children and young adolescents (5-14 years) from 1990 to 2016: an analysis of empirical data.
Masquelier B, Hug L, Sharrow D, You D, Hogan D, Hill K, Liu J, Pedersen J, Alkema L, United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation., Lancet Glob Health 6(10), 2018
PMID: 30223984
An evaluation of the Fondo de Inclusión Social Energético program to promote access to liquefied petroleum gas in Peru.
Pollard SL, Williams KN, O'Brien CJ, Winiker A, Puzzolo E, Kephart JL, Fandiño-Del-Rio M, Tarazona-Meza C, Grigsby M, Chiang M, Checkley W., Energy Sustain Dev 46(), 2018
PMID: 30364502
Changes in health in the countries of the UK and 150 English Local Authority areas 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.
Steel N, Ford JA, Newton JN, Davis ACJ, Vos T, Naghavi M, Glenn S, Hughes A, Dalton AM, Stockton D, Humphreys C, Dallat M, Schmidt J, Flowers J, Fox S, Abubakar I, Aldridge RW, Baker A, Brayne C, Brugha T, Capewell S, Car J, Cooper C, Ezzati M, Fitzpatrick J, Greaves F, Hay R, Hay S, Kee F, Larson HJ, Lyons RA, Majeed A, McKee M, Rawaf S, Rutter H, Saxena S, Sheikh A, Smeeth L, Viner RM, Vollset SE, Williams HC, Wolfe C, Woolf A, Murray CJL., Lancet 392(10158), 2018
PMID: 30497795
Current Status and Future Directions of mHealth Interventions for Health System Strengthening in India: Systematic Review.
Bassi A, John O, Praveen D, Maulik PK, Panda R, Jha V., JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 6(10), 2018
PMID: 30368435
Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.
Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration, Fitzmaurice C, Akinyemiju TF, Al Lami FH, Alam T, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Allen C, Alsharif U, Alvis-Guzman N, Amini E, Anderson BO, Aremu O, Artaman A, Asgedom SW, Assadi R, Atey TM, Avila-Burgos L, Awasthi A, Ba Saleem HO, Barac A, Bennett JR, Bensenor IM, Bhakta N, Brenner H, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Catalá-López F, Choi JJ, Christopher DJ, Chung SC, Curado MP, Dandona L, Dandona R, das Neves J, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Doku DT, Driscoll TR, Dubey M, Ebrahimi H, Edessa D, El-Khatib Z, Endries AY, Fischer F, Force LM, Foreman KJ, Gebrehiwot SW, Gopalani SV, Grosso G, Gupta R, Gyawali B, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Harvey J, Hassen HY, Hay RJ, Hay SI, Heibati B, Hiluf MK, Horita N, Hosgood HD, Ilesanmi OS, Innos K, Islami F, Jakovljevic MB, Johnson SC, Jonas JB, Kasaeian A, Kassa TD, Khader YS, Khan EA, Khan G, Khang YH, Khosravi MH, Khubchandani J, Kopec JA, Kumar GA, Kutz M, Lad DP, Lafranconi A, Lan Q, Legesse Y, Leigh J, Linn S, Lunevicius R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Mantovani LG, McMahon BJ, Meier T, Melaku YA, Melku M, Memiah P, Mendoza W, Meretoja TJ, Mezgebe HB, Miller TR, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Moosazadeh M, Moraga P, Mousavi SM, Nangia V, Nguyen CT, Nong VM, Ogbo FA, Olagunju AT, Pa M, Park EK, Patel T, Pereira DM, Pishgar F, Postma MJ, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Rawaf S, Rawaf DL, Roshandel G, Safiri S, Salimzadeh H, Sanabria JR, Santric Milicevic MM, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Sepanlou SG, Shackelford KA, Shaikh MA, Sharif-Alhoseini M, She J, Shin MJ, Shiue I, Shrime MG, Sinke AH, Sisay M, Sligar A, Sufiyan MB, Sykes BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tessema GA, Topor-Madry R, Tran TT, Tran BX, Ukwaja KN, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Weiderpass E, Williams HC, Yimer NB, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Murray CJL, Naghavi M., JAMA Oncol 4(11), 2018
PMID: 29860482
Changes in the US Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease From 2002 to 2016: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study.
Bowe B, Xie Y, Li T, Mokdad AH, Xian H, Yan Y, Maddukuri G, Al-Aly Z., JAMA Netw Open 1(7), 2018
PMID: 30646390
Availability and affordability of priority life-saving medicines for under-five children in health facilities of Tigray region, northern Ethiopia.
Abrha S, Tadesse E, Atey TM, Molla F, Melkam W, Masresha B, Gashaw S, Wondimu A., BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 18(1), 2018
PMID: 30497441
Effects of Nursing Quality Improvement on Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Liu Z, Zhao Y, Liu D, Guo ZN, Jin H, Sun X, Yang Y, Sun H, Yan X., Front Neurol 9(), 2018
PMID: 30555408
Saving lives through certifying deaths: assessing the impact of two interventions to improve cause of death data in PerĂş.
Miki J, Rampatige R, Richards N, Adair T, Cortez-Escalante J, Vargas-Herrera J., BMC Public Health 18(1), 2018
PMID: 30509233
Mapping under-5 and neonatal mortality in Africa, 2000-15: a baseline analysis for the Sustainable Development Goals.
Golding N, Burstein R, Longbottom J, Browne AJ, Fullman N, Osgood-Zimmerman A, Earl L, Bhatt S, Cameron E, Casey DC, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Farag TH, Flaxman AD, Fraser MS, Gething PW, Gibson HS, Graetz N, Krause LK, Kulikoff XR, Lim SS, Mappin B, Morozoff C, Reiner RC, Sligar A, Smith DL, Wang H, Weiss DJ, Murray CJL, Moyes CL, Hay SI., Lancet 390(10108), 2017
PMID: 28958464
Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Pattern among Spanish Adults Attending a Medical Centre: Nondiabetic Subjects and Type 1 and 2 Diabetic Patients.
Vidal-Peracho C, Tricás-Moreno JM, Lucha-López AC, Lucha-López MO, Camuñas-Pescador AC, Caverni-Muñoz A, Fanlo-Mazas P., J Diabetes Res 2017(), 2017
PMID: 29527536
Association between Health-Related Quality of Life and Medication Adherence in Pulmonary Tuberculosis in South Africa.
Kastien-Hilka T, Rosenkranz B, Schwenkglenks M, Bennett BM, Sinanovic E., Front Pharmacol 8(), 2017
PMID: 29326591

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AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 1995

Dodds F., 2014
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AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2008
Estimated impact on life expectancy and mortality inequality of reducing under-five, maternal, tuberculosis and HIV mortality to a level comparable with four well-performing countries (China, Chile, Costa Rica and Cuba)
Norheim O., 0
Selected analyses on inequalities in under-five mortality rates and related indicators in low and middle income countries, 2000–2010
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Does health care save lives? Avoidable mortality revisited
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Measuring the health of nations: analysis of mortality amenable to health care.
Nolte E, McKee M., J Epidemiol Community Health 58(4), 2004
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Nolte E, McKee CM., Health Aff (Millwood) 27(1), 2008
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Nolte E, McKee M., Health Policy 103(1), 2011
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Innovations to expand access and improve quality of health services
Bollinger L, Kruk M., 0
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Good Health at Low Cost 25 years on: lessons for the future of health systems strengthening.
Balabanova D, Mills A, Conteh L, Akkazieva B, Banteyerga H, Dash U, Gilson L, Harmer A, Ibraimova A, Islam Z, Kidanu A, Koehlmoos TP, Limwattananon S, Muraleedharan VR, Murzalieva G, Palafox B, Panichkriangkrai W, Patcharanarumol W, Penn-Kekana L, Powell-Jackson T, Tangcharoensathien V, McKee M., Lancet 381(9883), 2013
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The role of gender empowerment on reproductive health outcomes in urban Nigeria.
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A global assessment of civil registration and vital statistics systems: monitoring data quality and progress.
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Masquelier B, Eaton JW, Gerland P, Pelletier F, Mutai KK., AIDS 31 Suppl 1(), 2017
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Four million neonatal deaths: counting and attribution of cause of death.
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Global, regional, and national levels and trends in under-5 mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation.
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AUTHOR UNKNOWN, 2015
Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
Kaplan JE, Benson C, Holmes KK, Brooks JT, Pau A, Masur H; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); National Institutes of Health; HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America., MMWR Recomm Rep 58(RR-4), 2009
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Early antiretroviral therapy reduces AIDS progression/death in individuals with acute opportunistic infections: a multicenter randomized strategy trial.
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