Calibrating the absolute amplitude scale for air showers measured at LOFAR
Nelles A, Horandel JR, Karskens T, Krause M, Buitink S, Corstanje A, Enriquez JE, Erdmann M, Falcke H, Haungs A, Hiller R, et al. (2015)
Journal of Instrumentation 10(11): P11005.
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
| Veröffentlicht | Englisch
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Autor*in
Nelles, A.;
Horandel, J. R.;
Karskens, T.;
Krause, M.;
Buitink, S.;
Corstanje, A.;
Enriquez, J. E.;
Erdmann, M.;
Falcke, H.;
Haungs, A.;
Hiller, R.;
Huege, T.
Alle
Alle
Abstract / Bemerkung
Air showers induced by cosmic rays create nanosecond pulses detectable at radio frequencies. These pulses have been measured successfully in the past few years at the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) and are used to study the properties of cosmic rays. For a complete understanding of this phenomenon and the underlying physical processes, an absolute calibration of the detecting antenna system is needed. We present three approaches that were used to check and improve the antenna model of LOFAR and to provide an absolute calibration of the whole system for air shower measurements. Two methods are based on calibrated reference sources and one on a calibration approach using the diffuse radio emission of the Galaxy, optimized for short data-sets. An accuracy of 19% in amplitude is reached. The absolute calibration is also compared to predictions from air shower simulations. These results are used to set an absolute energy scale for air shower measurements and can be used as a basis for an absolute scale for the measurement of astronomical transients with LOFAR.
Stichworte
Antennas
Erscheinungsjahr
2015
Zeitschriftentitel
Journal of Instrumentation
Band
10
Ausgabe
11
Art.-Nr.
P11005
ISSN
1748-0221
Page URI
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2901300
Zitieren
Nelles A, Horandel JR, Karskens T, et al. Calibrating the absolute amplitude scale for air showers measured at LOFAR. Journal of Instrumentation. 2015;10(11): P11005.
Nelles, A., Horandel, J. R., Karskens, T., Krause, M., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J. E., et al. (2015). Calibrating the absolute amplitude scale for air showers measured at LOFAR. Journal of Instrumentation, 10(11), P11005. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/10/11/P11005
Nelles, A., Horandel, J. R., Karskens, T., Krause, M., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J. E., et al. 2015. “Calibrating the absolute amplitude scale for air showers measured at LOFAR”. Journal of Instrumentation 10 (11): P11005.
Nelles, A., Horandel, J. R., Karskens, T., Krause, M., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J. E., Erdmann, M., Falcke, H., Haungs, A., et al. (2015). Calibrating the absolute amplitude scale for air showers measured at LOFAR. Journal of Instrumentation 10:P11005.
Nelles, A., et al., 2015. Calibrating the absolute amplitude scale for air showers measured at LOFAR. Journal of Instrumentation, 10(11): P11005.
A. Nelles, et al., “Calibrating the absolute amplitude scale for air showers measured at LOFAR”, Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 10, 2015, : P11005.
Nelles, A., Horandel, J.R., Karskens, T., Krause, M., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J.E., Erdmann, M., Falcke, H., Haungs, A., Hiller, R., Huege, T., Krause, R., Link, K., Norden, M.J., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Schellart, P., Scholten, O., Schroeder, F.G., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Trinh, T.N.G., Weidenhaupt, K., Wijnholds, S.J., Anderson, J., Baehren, L., Bell, M.E., Bentum, M.J., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Bregman, J., Brouw, W.N., Brueggen, M., Butcher, H.R., Carbone, D., Ciardi, B., de Gasperin, F., Duscha, S., Eisloeffel, J., Fallows, R.A., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M.A., van Haarlem, M.P., Heald, G., Hoeft, M., Horneffer, A., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kohler, J., Kondratiev, V.I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., van Leeuwen, J., Maat, P., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V.N., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A.G., Reich, W., Roettgering, H., Schwarz, D., Serylak, M., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Tasse, C., Toribio, M.C., Vermeulen, R., van Weeren, R.J., Wijers, R.A.M.J., Wucknitz, O., Zarka, P.: Calibrating the absolute amplitude scale for air showers measured at LOFAR. Journal of Instrumentation. 10, : P11005 (2015).
Nelles, A., Horandel, J. R., Karskens, T., Krause, M., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J. E., Erdmann, M., Falcke, H., Haungs, A., Hiller, R., Huege, T., Krause, R., Link, K., Norden, M. J., Rachen, J. P., Rossetto, L., Schellart, P., Scholten, O., Schroeder, F. G., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Trinh, T. N. G., Weidenhaupt, K., Wijnholds, S. J., Anderson, J., Baehren, L., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Bregman, J., Brouw, W. N., Brueggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Carbone, D., Ciardi, B., de Gasperin, F., Duscha, S., Eisloeffel, J., Fallows, R. A., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., van Haarlem, M. P., Heald, G., Hoeft, M., Horneffer, A., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kohler, J., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., van Leeuwen, J., Maat, P., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Roettgering, H., Schwarz, Dominik, Serylak, M., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Tasse, C., Toribio, M. C., Vermeulen, R., van Weeren, R. J., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wucknitz, O., and Zarka, P. “Calibrating the absolute amplitude scale for air showers measured at LOFAR”. Journal of Instrumentation 10.11 (2015): P11005.
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