Association Between Oral Hygiene Status and Halitosis Among Smokers and Nonsmokers

Jiun ILE, Siddik SN'AAB, Malik SN, Tin-Oo MM, Alam MK, Khan MH (2015)
Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry 13(5): 395-405.

Zeitschriftenaufsatz | Veröffentlicht | Englisch
 
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Autor*in
Jiun, Iris Liew Ee; Siddik, Siti Nur'Ain Abu Bakar; Malik, Shan Nawaz; Tin-Oo, Mon Mon; Alam, Mohammad Khursheed; Khan, Mobarak HossainUniBi
Abstract / Bemerkung
Purpose: To study the association of smoking with poor oral hygiene status and halitosis in a comparative cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: 100 smokers and 100 nonsmokers ages 18-50 years were recruited for this study in Kota Bharu, Malaysia. Oral hygiene (good/fair vs poor) was determined using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and the halitosis level was measured using a Halimeter. Subjects were instructed to refrain from consuming foods containing garlic, onions, strong spices, alcohol and using mouthwashes 48 h prior to the examination. The halitosis levels were quantified by recording volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) three times at 3-min intervals, resulting in a mean halitosis score. Various statistical analyses were performed, ranging from simple frequency analysis to multivariable modelling. Results: The proportions of subjects with poor oral hygiene and high halitosis were 24.0% and 41.5%, respectively. According to bivariate analyses, both problems were significantly less frequent among younger adults (halitosis), females, subjects with higher education, those with adequate habits to maintain good oral hygiene, those who had recent dental visits and those self-reporting fewer health problems. The percentages of poor oral hygiene and high halitosis were significantly higher in smokers (p < 0.001). However, almost all these variables failed to show significance in the multivariate analyses, with the exceptions of smoking for both poor oral hygiene and halitosis, education for poor oral hygiene, and age, self-reported health problems and time since the previous dental visit for halitosis. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate a significantly higher level of halitosis and poorer oral hygiene in smokers than nonsmokers.
Stichworte
halitosis; oral hygiene; nonsmokers; smokers
Erscheinungsjahr
2015
Zeitschriftentitel
Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry
Band
13
Ausgabe
5
Seite(n)
395-405
ISSN
1602-1622
eISSN
1757-9996
Page URI
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2901050

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Jiun ILE, Siddik SN'AAB, Malik SN, Tin-Oo MM, Alam MK, Khan MH. Association Between Oral Hygiene Status and Halitosis Among Smokers and Nonsmokers. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry. 2015;13(5):395-405.
Jiun, I. L. E., Siddik, S. N. 'A. A. B., Malik, S. N., Tin-Oo, M. M., Alam, M. K., & Khan, M. H. (2015). Association Between Oral Hygiene Status and Halitosis Among Smokers and Nonsmokers. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry, 13(5), 395-405. doi:10.3290/j.ohpd.a33920
Jiun, Iris Liew Ee, Siddik, Siti Nur'Ain Abu Bakar, Malik, Shan Nawaz, Tin-Oo, Mon Mon, Alam, Mohammad Khursheed, and Khan, Mobarak Hossain. 2015. “Association Between Oral Hygiene Status and Halitosis Among Smokers and Nonsmokers”. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry 13 (5): 395-405.
Jiun, I. L. E., Siddik, S. N. 'A. A. B., Malik, S. N., Tin-Oo, M. M., Alam, M. K., and Khan, M. H. (2015). Association Between Oral Hygiene Status and Halitosis Among Smokers and Nonsmokers. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry 13, 395-405.
Jiun, I.L.E., et al., 2015. Association Between Oral Hygiene Status and Halitosis Among Smokers and Nonsmokers. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry, 13(5), p 395-405.
I.L.E. Jiun, et al., “Association Between Oral Hygiene Status and Halitosis Among Smokers and Nonsmokers”, Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry, vol. 13, 2015, pp. 395-405.
Jiun, I.L.E., Siddik, S.N.'A.A.B., Malik, S.N., Tin-Oo, M.M., Alam, M.K., Khan, M.H.: Association Between Oral Hygiene Status and Halitosis Among Smokers and Nonsmokers. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry. 13, 395-405 (2015).
Jiun, Iris Liew Ee, Siddik, Siti Nur'Ain Abu Bakar, Malik, Shan Nawaz, Tin-Oo, Mon Mon, Alam, Mohammad Khursheed, and Khan, Mobarak Hossain. “Association Between Oral Hygiene Status and Halitosis Among Smokers and Nonsmokers”. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry 13.5 (2015): 395-405.

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PMID: 28844190
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