PUB - Publikationen an der Universität Bielefeld

The occurrence of differential item functioning (DIF) for gender indicates that an instrument may not be functioning equivalently for men and women. Aside from DIP effects, item responses in personality questionnaires can also be influenced by response styles. This study analyzes the German NEO-PI-R regarding its differential item functioning for men and women while taking response styles into account. To this end, mixed Rasch models were estimated first to identify latent classes that differed in their response style. These latent classes were identified as extreme response style (ERS) and nonextreme response style (NERS). Then, DIP analyses were conducted separately for the different response styles and compared with DIP results for the complete sample. Several items especially on Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness facets showed gender-DIP and thus function differentially between men and women. DIP results differed mainly in size between the complete sample and the response style subsamples, though DIP classification was overall consistent between ERS, NERS, and the complete sample.