Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees

Neuner F, Schauer M, Karunakara U, Klaschik C, Robert C, Elbert T (2004)
BMC psychiatry 4(1): 34.

Zeitschriftenaufsatz | Veröffentlicht | Englisch
 
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DOI
Autor*in
Neuner, FrankUniBi; Schauer, Maggie; Karunakara, Unni; Klaschik, Christine; Robert, Christina; Elbert, Thomas
Einrichtung
Fakultät für Psychologie und Sportwissenschaft > Abteilung für Psychologie > Arbeitseinheit 11 - Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
Abstract / Bemerkung
BACKGROUND: Political instability and the civil war in Southern Sudan have resulted in numerous atrocities, mass violence, and forced migration for vast parts of the civilian population in the West Nile region. High exposure to traumatic experiences has been particularly prominent in the Ugandan and Sudanese of the West Nile Region, representing an indication of the psychological strain posed by years of armed conflict. METHODS: In this study the impact of traumatic events on the prevalence and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a random sample of 3.339 Ugandan nationals, Sudanese nationals, and Sudanese refugees (1.831 households) of the West Nile region is assessed. RESULTS: Results show a positive correlation between the number of traumatic events and the number of endorsed PTSD symptoms. Of the 58 respondents who experienced the greatest number of traumatizing experiences, all reported symptoms which met the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear dose-effect relationship between traumatic exposure and PTSD in the studied populations with high levels of traumatic events. In this context, it is probable that any individual could develop PTSD regardless of other risk-factors once the trauma load reaches a certain threshold.
Stichworte
Stress Disorders; Sampling Studies; Risk Factors; Refugees/statistics & numerical data; Refugees/psychology; Prevalence; Middle Aged; Male; Life Change Events; Humans; Health Surveys; Female; Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data; Adolescent; Adult; Post-Traumatic/epidemiology; Stress Disorders; Post-Traumatic/psychology; Stress; Psychological/epidemiology; Stress; Psychological/psychology; Sudan/epidemiology; Uganda/epidemiology; War
Erscheinungsjahr
2004
Zeitschriftentitel
BMC psychiatry
Band
4
Ausgabe
1
Art.-Nr.
34
ISSN
1471-244X
Page URI
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2541569

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Neuner F, Schauer M, Karunakara U, Klaschik C, Robert C, Elbert T. Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees. BMC psychiatry. 2004;4(1): 34.
Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Karunakara, U., Klaschik, C., Robert, C., & Elbert, T. (2004). Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees. BMC psychiatry, 4(1), 34. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-4-34
Neuner, Frank, Schauer, Maggie, Karunakara, Unni, Klaschik, Christine, Robert, Christina, and Elbert, Thomas. 2004. “Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees”. BMC psychiatry 4 (1): 34.
Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Karunakara, U., Klaschik, C., Robert, C., and Elbert, T. (2004). Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees. BMC psychiatry 4:34.
Neuner, F., et al., 2004. Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees. BMC psychiatry, 4(1): 34.
F. Neuner, et al., “Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees”, BMC psychiatry, vol. 4, 2004, : 34.
Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Karunakara, U., Klaschik, C., Robert, C., Elbert, T.: Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees. BMC psychiatry. 4, : 34 (2004).
Neuner, Frank, Schauer, Maggie, Karunakara, Unni, Klaschik, Christine, Robert, Christina, and Elbert, Thomas. “Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees”. BMC psychiatry 4.1 (2004): 34.

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de Quervain DJ, Kolassa IT, Ackermann S, Aerni A, Boesiger P, Demougin P, Elbert T, Ertl V, Gschwind L, Hadziselimovic N, Hanser E, Heck A, Hieber P, Huynh KD, Klarhöfer M, Luechinger R, Rasch B, Scheffler K, Spalek K, Stippich C, Vogler C, Vukojevic V, Stetak A, Papassotiropoulos A., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(22), 2012
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When combat prevents PTSD symptoms--results from a survey with former child soldiers in Northern Uganda.
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Mental health problems and post-migration stress among multi-traumatized refugees attending outpatient clinics upon resettlement to Norway.
Teodorescu DS, Heir T, Hauff E, Wentzel-Larsen T, Lien L., Scand J Psychol 53(4), 2012
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Biological memory of childhood maltreatment: current knowledge and recommendations for future research.
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Smoking among troops deployed in combat areas and its association with combat exposure among navy personnel in Sri Lanka.
de Silva VA, Jayasekera NE, Hanwella R., Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 7(), 2012
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Peace and war: trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms before, during, and after military deployment in Afghanistan.
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Appetitive aggression as a resilience factor against trauma disorders: appetitive aggression and PTSD in German World War II veterans.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescents after Typhoon Morakot-associated mudslides.
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Female dissociative responding to extreme sexual violence in a chronic crisis setting: the case of Eastern Congo.
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A prospective examination of the relationships between PTSD, exposure to assaultive violence, and cigarette smoking among a national sample of adolescents.
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Treatment of traumatized victims of war and torture: a randomized controlled comparison of narrative exposure therapy and stress inoculation training.
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PTSD, depression and anxiety among former abductees in Northern Uganda.
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Childhood adversity, mental ill-health and aggressive behavior in an African orphanage: Changes in response to trauma-focused therapy and the implementation of a new instructional system.
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The thrill of being violent as an antidote to posttraumatic stress disorder in Rwandese genocide perpetrators.
Weierstall R, Schaal S, Schalinski I, Dusingizemungu JP, Elbert T., Eur J Psychotraumatol 2(), 2011
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War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health in conflict and post-conflict settings: bridging the divide between trauma-focused and psychosocial frameworks.
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The risk of posttraumatic stress disorder after trauma depends on traumatic load and the catechol-o-methyltransferase Val(158)Met polymorphism.
Kolassa IT, Kolassa S, Ertl V, Papassotiropoulos A, De Quervain DJ., Biol Psychiatry 67(4), 2010
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Is freezing an adaptive reaction to threat? Evidence from heart rate reactivity to emotional pictures in victims of war and torture.
Adenauer H, Catani C, Keil J, Aichinger H, Neuner F., Psychophysiology 47(2), 2010
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Traces of fear in the neural web--magnetoencephalographic responding to arousing pictorial stimuli.
Rockstroh B, Elbert T., Int J Psychophysiol 78(1), 2010
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Risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder among deployed US male marines.
Phillips CJ, Leardmann CA, Gumbs GR, Smith B., BMC Psychiatry 10(), 2010
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Tsunami, war, and cumulative risk in the lives of Sri Lankan schoolchildren.
Catani C, Gewirtz AH, Wieling E, Schauer E, Elbert T, Neuner F., Child Dev 81(4), 2010
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Dental restorations for dinka and nuer refugees: a confluence of culture and healing.
Fox SH, Willis MS., Transcult Psychiatry 47(3), 2010
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The emerging evidence for Narrative Exposure Therapy: a review.
Robjant K, Fazel M., Clin Psychol Rev 30(8), 2010
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The influence of demographic characteristics, living conditions, and trauma exposure on the overall health of a conflict-affected population in Southern Sudan.
Roberts B, Damundu EY, Lomoro O, Sondorp E., BMC Public Health 10(), 2010
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Fascination violence: on mind and brain of man hunters.
Elbert T, Weierstall R, Schauer M., Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 260 Suppl 2(), 2010
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Ongoing exposure versus intense periodic exposure to military conflict and terror attacks in Israel.
Lahad M, Leykin D., J Trauma Stress 23(6), 2010
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Substance use, childhood traumatic experience, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an urban civilian population.
Khoury L, Tang YL, Bradley B, Cubells JF, Ressler KJ., Depress Anxiety 27(12), 2010
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No PTSD-related differences in diurnal cortisol profiles of genocide survivors.
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Post-conflict mental health needs: a cross-sectional survey of trauma, depression and associated factors in Juba, Southern Sudan.
Roberts B, Damundu EY, Lomoro O, Sondorp E., BMC Psychiatry 9(), 2009
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Trauma-related impairment in children--a survey in Sri Lankan provinces affected by armed conflict.
Elbert T, Schauer M, Schauer E, Huschka B, Hirth M, Neuner F., Child Abuse Negl 33(4), 2009
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Evaluation of psychological support for victims of sexual violence in a conflict setting: results from Brazzaville, Congo.
Hustache S, Moro MR, Roptin J, Souza R, Gansou GM, Mbemba A, Roederer T, Grais RF, Gaboulaud V, Baubet T., Int J Ment Health Syst 3(1), 2009
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Trauma, poverty and mental health among Somali and Rwandese refugees living in an African refugee settlement - an epidemiological study.
Onyut LP, Neuner F, Ertl V, Schauer E, Odenwald M, Elbert T., Confl Health 3(), 2009
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Substantial reduction of naïve and regulatory T cells following traumatic stress.
Sommershof A, Aichinger H, Engler H, Adenauer H, Catani C, Boneberg EM, Elbert T, Groettrup M, Kolassa IT., Brain Behav Immun 23(8), 2009
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Beyond individual war trauma: domestic violence against children in Afghanistan and Sri Lanka.
Catani C, Schauer E, Neuner F., J Marital Fam Ther 34(2), 2008
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Family violence, war, and natural disasters: a study of the effect of extreme stress on children's mental health in Sri Lanka.
Catani C, Jacob N, Schauer E, Kohila M, Neuner F., BMC Psychiatry 8(), 2008
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Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and depression amongst internally displaced persons in northern Uganda.
Roberts B, Ocaka KF, Browne J, Oyok T, Sondorp E., BMC Psychiatry 8(), 2008
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Mental health of returnees: refugees in Germany prior to their state-sponsored repatriation.
von Lersner U, Wiens U, Elbert T, Neuner F., BMC Int Health Hum Rights 8(), 2008
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Stress spectrum disorders in oncology.
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Stress load during childhood affects psychopathology in psychiatric patients.
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Difficulties and coping strategies of Sudanese refugees: a qualitative approach.
Khawaja NG, White KM, Schweitzer R, Greenslade J., Transcult Psychiatry 45(3), 2008
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Post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents one year after a super-cyclone in Orissa, India: exploring cross-cultural validity and vulnerability factors.
Kar N, Mohapatra PK, Nayak KC, Pattanaik P, Swain SP, Kar HC., BMC Psychiatry 7(), 2007
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Mental health and violence: WPA Cairo declaration--international perspectives for intervention.
Okasha A., Int Rev Psychiatry 19(3), 2007
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The mental health disaster in conflict settings: can scientific research help?
Neuner F, Elbert T., BMC Public Health 7(), 2007
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Ten years after the genocide: trauma confrontation and posttraumatic stress in Rwandan adolescents.
Schaal S, Elbert T., J Trauma Stress 19(1), 2006
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War and mental disorders in Africa.
Njenga FG, Nguithi AN, Kang'ethe RN., World Psychiatry 5(1), 2006
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Traumatic events, PTSD, and psychiatric comorbidity in forensic patients--assessed by questionnaires and diagnostic interview.
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Post-tsunami stress: a study of posttraumatic stress disorder in children living in three severely affected regions in Sri Lanka.
Neuner F, Schauer E, Catani C, Ruf M, Elbert T., J Trauma Stress 19(3), 2006
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Dissecting the suicide phenotype: the role of impulsive-aggressive behaviours.
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