Environmental liability under uncertain causation

Feess E, Mühlheußer G, Wohlschlegel A (2009)
European Journal of Law and Economics 28(2): 133-148.

Zeitschriftenaufsatz | Veröffentlicht | Englisch
 
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Autor*in
Feess, Eberhard; Mühlheußer, Gerd; Wohlschlegel, Ansgar
Abstract / Bemerkung
Recently, the European Commission has issued the "Directive 2004/35/CE on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental liability". The Directive extends liability that usually refers to personal injuries and private property to harm where private property does not exist (e.g. biodiversity and endangered species). In these cases, problems with multiple causation and uncertain causation tend to be even more severe than for cases where solely private property is affected. Nevertheless, the otherwise very ambitious Directive remains silent about how to deal with these problems. We focus on uncertain causation and analyze second best optimal standards of proof in a model where benefits of risky activities are private information, and where the firm's care level chosen to avoid the damage is only imperfectly observable. We derive three results: first, we characterize the factors determining the second best standards. Second, and conversely to the previous literature, high standards of proof such as proof beyond reasonable doubt can be second best optimal even though they lead to inefficiently low care levels. Third, legislators should leave discretionary power to courts which allows them to choose the standard of proof conditional on factors such as the degree of uncertainty over causation or the information quality about care levels as taken by injurers.
Stichworte
Standard of proof; Uncertainty over causation; Environmental liability; Threshold probabilities
Erscheinungsjahr
2009
Zeitschriftentitel
European Journal of Law and Economics
Band
28
Ausgabe
2
Seite(n)
133-148
ISSN
0929-1261
eISSN
1572-9990
Page URI
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/1591054

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Feess E, Mühlheußer G, Wohlschlegel A. Environmental liability under uncertain causation. European Journal of Law and Economics. 2009;28(2):133-148.
Feess, E., Mühlheußer, G., & Wohlschlegel, A. (2009). Environmental liability under uncertain causation. European Journal of Law and Economics, 28(2), 133-148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-009-9101-2
Feess, Eberhard, Mühlheußer, Gerd, and Wohlschlegel, Ansgar. 2009. “Environmental liability under uncertain causation”. European Journal of Law and Economics 28 (2): 133-148.
Feess, E., Mühlheußer, G., and Wohlschlegel, A. (2009). Environmental liability under uncertain causation. European Journal of Law and Economics 28, 133-148.
Feess, E., Mühlheußer, G., & Wohlschlegel, A., 2009. Environmental liability under uncertain causation. European Journal of Law and Economics, 28(2), p 133-148.
E. Feess, G. Mühlheußer, and A. Wohlschlegel, “Environmental liability under uncertain causation”, European Journal of Law and Economics, vol. 28, 2009, pp. 133-148.
Feess, E., Mühlheußer, G., Wohlschlegel, A.: Environmental liability under uncertain causation. European Journal of Law and Economics. 28, 133-148 (2009).
Feess, Eberhard, Mühlheußer, Gerd, and Wohlschlegel, Ansgar. “Environmental liability under uncertain causation”. European Journal of Law and Economics 28.2 (2009): 133-148.
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